Fig. 1

a The experimental paradigm: participants underwent two experimental sessions, one with real TMS, and the other with sham TMS (order of sessions counterbalanced). In each session, participants performed the task twice, once before and once after receiving 1 Hz repetitive 15 min TMS over the right cerebellum. b The timeline of an experimental trial. In the pitch discrimination task the two sounds were pure tones only differing for pitch. In the timbre discrimination task the two sounds were tones of the same instrumental family (wind vs. string) presented at the same high frequency and differing only in their timbre characteristic