From: Non-invasive brain stimulation as a tool to study cerebellar-M1 interactions in humans
Authors | Sample size | Electrode position | Polarity | Parameters | Sessions | Target muscle | Coil size | Timing of measurements | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Galea et al. (2009) [41] | 8 HC | Right CRB (25 cm2) Right buccinator muscle (25 cm2) | Anodal TDCS Cathodal TDCS Sham | 2 mA 25 min | 3 randomized crossover | FDI | M1: figure-of-eight (70 mm) CRB: double-cone (110 mm) | Pre/Post 0 min | Cathodal cDCS (vs sham): ↓ CBI ↔ MEP, SICI, ICF Anodal cDCS (vs sham): ↔ CBI, MEP, MT, SICI, ICF |
8 HC | As above | Anodal TDCS | As above | 1 | As above | As above | As above | ↑ CBIRC | |
6 HC | As above | Cathodal TDCS | 1 mA 25 min 2 mA 25 min | 2 randomized crossover | As above | As above | Pre/Post 0, 30, 50 min | 1 mA: ↔ CBI, MEPRC 2 mA: ↓ CBI, MEPRC | |
Hamada et al. (2012) [42] | 12 HC | Right CRB (25 cm2) Right buccinator muscle (25 cm2) | Anodal TDCS-PAS25 Cathodal TDCS -PAS25 Sham TDCS -PAS25 | 2 mA 15 min | 3 randomized crossover | APB | M1: figure-of-eight (70 mm) | Pre/Post 0, 30 min | Anodal and cathodal (vs sham): ↓ PAS25, ↔ SAI, MEPRC |
8 HC | As above | Anodal TDCS-PAS21.5 Sham TDCS-PAS21.5 | As above | 2 randomized crossover | As above | As above | As above | Anodal (vs sham): ↔ PAS21.5 | |
Hamada et al. (2014) [44] | 17 HC | Right lateral CRB (25 cm2) Right buccinator muscle (25 cm2) | Sham TDCS-PAS21.5 Sham TDCS-PAS25 Anodal TDCS-PAS21.5 Anodal TDCS-PAS25 | 2 mA 15 min | 4 randomized crossover | APB | M1: figure-of-eight (70 mm) | Pre/Post 0, 15, 30 min | Anodal (vs sham): ↓ PAS25, ↔ PAS21.5 |
10 HC | As above | Sham TDCS Anodal TDCS | 2 mA 25 min | 2 randomized crossover | As above | As above | Online (5 min after onset of stimulation) | Anodal (vs sham): ↓ MEPRC (active AP) ↔ MEPRC (active PA, rest PA and rest AP) | |
Sadnicka et al. (2014) [56] | 10 WD | Right CRB (25 cm2) Right buccinator muscle (25 cm2) | Anodal TDCS-PAS25 Sham TDCS-PAS25 | 2 mA 15 min | 2 randomized crossover | APB FDI ADM | M1: figure-of-eight (70 mm) | Pre/Post 0, 30 min | Anodal (vs sham): ↔ PAS25, CSP, MEPRC |
Strigaro et al. (2014) [52] | 8 HC | Right CRB (25 cm2) Right buccinator muscle (25 cm2) | Anodal TDCS-PASvar360p Sham TDCS-PASvar360p | 2 mA 30 min | 2 randomized crossover | APB | M1: figure-of-eight (70 mm) | Pre/Post 0 min | Anodal (vs sham): ↑ PASvar360p |
Doeltgen et al. (2015) [46] | 14 HC | Right lateral CRB Right buccinator muscle | Anodal TDCS Sham | 2 mA 20 min | 2 randomized crossover | FDI | M1: figure-of-eight (70 mm) CRB: figure-of-eight | Pre/Post 0 min | Anodal (vs sham): ↓ CBI ↔ SAI |
Naro et al. (2016) [45] | 25 HC | Right CRB (25 cm2) Right buccinator muscle (25 cm2) | 10 Hz TACS 50 Hz TACS 300 Hz TACS Sham TACS | 2 mA 3000 cycles | 4 randomized crossover | Right and left APB | M1: figure-of-eight CRB: double-cone | Pre/Post 0, 15, 30 min | 50Hz TACS: ↓ CBI, ↑ MEP, ↔LICI 300Hz TACS: ↑ CBI, ↔MEP, LICI 10Hz TACS: ↔CBI, MEP, LICI |