Fig. 4
From: Inferior Olivary nucleus degeneration does not lessen tremor in essential tremor
Degenerative changes in the patient’s ION (b, d, f, h, j) compared with a control (a, c, e, g, i) with LH&E stain (a-d), calbindinD28k immunostain (e, f, i, j) and GAD immunostain (g, h). Marked patchy neuronal loss in the patient’s principal olive (b, d, f, j), with myelin pallor and loss of calbindinD28k-labeled olivary efferents in the hilum (b, f). Residual neurons in the principal olive are often atrophic (small black arrows, d). Olivary neurons and GAD+ nucleo-olivary staining are preserved in the medial accessory olive (black arrow in a, b, e, f, g, h). GABA-ergic nucleo-olivary afferents show some mild patchy loss predominantly in dorsal and lateral regions of the principal olive (h). The dorsal arm in the principal olive shows a region with more numerous calbindinD28k-labeled neurons and preserved GAD staining (red arrow, f, h, j). Scale bars: 250 μm, A, B, E, F, G, H; 200 μm, top panel in C and D, I, J; 50 μm, bottom panel in C and D