Table 1 Representative autoantibodies to cerebellar antigens in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias
From: Guidelines for treatment of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias
Autoantibodies | Conditions (When autoantibodies are associated with neoplasms, frequency of PCD is indicated.) | Localization |
|---|---|---|
Anti-Yo | PCD (53 %), Breast, Uterus, Ovaries | Mainly Purkinje cells and few other neurons in the molecular layer |
Anti-Hu | PCD (15 %), SCLC | All neuronal nuclei and cytolpasm |
Anti-Tr | PCD (5 %), Hodgkin’s disease | Purkinje cells cytoplasm and dendrites, |
Anti-CV2 | PCD (4 %), SCLC, thymoma | Oligodendrocytes |
Anti-Ri | PCD (2 %), Breast | All neuronal nuclei |
Anti-Ma2 | PCD (2 %), Testicle, Lung | Nucleoli |
Anti-VGCC (P/Q type) | PCD (2 %), SCLC | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-SOX1 | PCD (―), SCLC | Bergman glial cell nuclei |
Anti-ZIC4 | PCD (―), SCLC | Neuronal nuclei |
PCA-2 | PCD (―), SCLC | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-Homer-3 | a | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-CARP VIII | a | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-PKCγ | a | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-Ca/ARHGAP26 | a | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-mGluR1 | a | Medusa |
Anti-Sj/ITPR1 | b | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-Nb/AP3B2 | b | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-GluRδ2 | Para/post infectious | Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer |
Anti-transglutaminase 2, 6 | Gluten ataxia | |
Anti-GAD65 | GAD Abs-CA or PCD (―) | GABAergic neurons |