Table 5 Comparison between anti-GAD65 antibody and anti-glutamate receptors antibodies
From: Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias: from bench to bedside
Anti-GAD65 antibody | Anti-NMDA and anti-AMPA receptors antibodies | |
|---|---|---|
Common features | Autoantibodies-induced synaptic dysfunction | |
Action site | Presynaptic site | Postsynaptic site |
Actions | Decrease in GABA release due to impaired release mechanisms | Decrease in receptors due to internalization |
Functional impairment in synaptic transmission | Impaired inhibitory synaptic transmission | Impaired excitatory synaptic transmission |
Imbalance between glutamate and GABA | Predominance of glutamate over GABA | Glutamatergic dysfunction: Impairment of both the NMDA- and the AMPA-mediated synaptic regulation of glutamate. No effect on the glial transport of glutamatea. |
Excitotoxicity | Prompt excitotoxicity leading to cell death | Probable excitotoxicity |
Immunotherapy | Not effective cases with atrophy and poor prognosis | Effective and good prognosis at an early stage |